Sunday, December 8, 2013

FIRST SNOW

IT was already pitch black outside, but there was still no snow on the ground. The weather forecast had said the snow would start sometime this evening, and Lei had been waiting for it anxiously. The temperature had dropped sharply since that morning as a cold front from Canada swept down the flat and vast Midwest plains. It was mid-November, and the snow would be the first of the season. Lei looked through the glass door that opened to the yard; the light from the lamp next to the sofa shone through the glass and projected on an area in the yard. There were a few scattered fallen leaves twisting and turning in the wind. For a while she imagined the snowflakes floating down and how different the yard would look when it was covered under the white snow. Then she caught her own reflection in the glass door; her face looked hollow and ghostly under the uneven illumination from the light behind her.
    Lei sighed and lowered the blinds, then went to the bedroom and picked up the dress she had laid on the bed earlier. The flimsy red silk felt slippery and cold, and the embroidered flora patterns looked a little too festive for such a quiet evening. The style was called “ChiPao,” popular in old ShangHai and somehow revived as a wedding fashion for its elegant slim cut and high collar that wrapped tightly around the neck. Ming insisted that she should wear the dress for the party. Professor Mann, the old chairman of his Department, was retiring and the new chairman, Professor Eves, was hosting a party to honor Professor Mann’s thirty years of service. As an assistant professor on the tenure track, Ming took the party seriously and told Lei that they should make their best appearances. Lei stood in front of the mirror and measured the dress against her upper body. She had not worn it since the wedding night, and that night seemed so long ago although she had been married less than a year. She had gained some weight, and she was afraid the dress might not fit anymore. In college, she had a figure that was the envy of her roommates. Even in those two years when she worked in the tallest building in her hometown, she always enjoyed wearing high heels and tight skirts so that she could walk through the marble lobby and carpeted corridors with confidence. After the wedding, after she left China and followed Ming to this college town in the Midwest, after life became a routine of cooking, cleaning and waiting for Ming to come home -- except for occasional social nights with other Chinese wives -- she started to care less and less about her looks.  Lei checked herself in the mirror carefully. There wasn’t a wrinkle on her face, and her long dark hair still fell straight and fluffy on her shoulders. She was only twenty-seven and her youth was still there. After putting on some makeup and doing her hair, she would be transformed to that young attractive woman once again. This thought brought her some faint excitement, as if she could relive those old college weekends when she and her roommates would dress up and go to the student hall for the weekly dance parties. But Lei did not particularly like the dress; she thought it made her stand out too much and look too Chinese. She had other dresses and nightgowns that would give her a much more Western and cosmopolitan look.
     She went back to the kitchen and took the dishes out of the oven and put them on the dining table. She also brought to a hard boil the chicken herb soup that had been simmering on the stove for a couple of hours. Ming was still in his study. He said another of his papers had just been accepted by one of the professional journals and he needed to make some changes. The door was firmly shut from the living room. He required absolute quiet when he worked. Whenever he walked into his study, Lei would retreat to the bedroom, to read a book or watch TV with the volume turned to the lowest. But today was a special day, and they should finish dinner earlier so that they could show up at the party on time. Lei knocked at his door. After she heard the squeaking of the chair and Ming’s footsteps, she quickly went back to the kitchen and started to ladle the soup into the bowls.
     Ming sat down at the dinner table without saying a word and drank the soup right away. Lei sat across the table and watched him. He had a prominent forehead and a square jaw. Like Lei he was also from the south but he had somehow acquired a short and stocky figure. The steam of the soup was fogging up his glasses, and she could see him sweating a bit. 
    “How is the paper coming along?” She asked, deciding to break the silence. Lately they talked less and less, and sometimes she found this wall between them unbearable.      
     “It is fine,” Ming answered.                                                                                                                        
     Lei knew that he was struggling hard at his job. The student evaluations from last semester were discouraging. They complained that Ming’s thick accent and unintelligible English often confused them. His exams were too hard. His lectures were dull and dry. Ming was upset and kept his face straight for a few days. It took a lot of effort for Lei to find this out. He mentioned that research still counted more than anything else in order to get tenured. He still had a chance. 
     Lei picked up her chopsticks and put some vegetables in her bowl. She did not really have much appetite after a long day of staying home.
    “The snow still has not started,” Lei changed the subject; her excitement could not be more obvious in her tone.
    “What is so good about snow?” Ming mumbled between his slurps. “When it starts to melt, everywhere is slushy and dirty.”
    “But I have never seen snow in my life. You know that it never snows in our city,” Lei insisted.
    “The real thing is never as good as what you have imagined.” Ming gave her an in-the-know smirk.
     He finished his soup and took a long breath. He seemed to have fully enjoyed it. Lei learned the recipe from his mother who, before the marriage, had given her a long lecture on how to take care of Ming. Seeing him loosening up and relaxing, Lei decided this was a good time to raise her objection.
    “Are you sure that you want me to wear that wedding dress?” she asked.
    “Why not?” Ming scooped the rice into his bowl without looking up.
    “The color is too bright.”
    “I do not see anything wrong with it.”
    “These days no one my age wears it other than in weddings. It may look too conspicuous at the party.”
    “Nonsense. Remember Professor Sanjeev’s wife Vanita? She even wears Sari at the Department’s barbeque.”
    Lei had met Vanita twice. Vanita smiled a lot and seemed to take great pride in her traditional costume, as if she was putting on an Indian culture show at those faculty events. Lei was not sure whether she liked Vanita or not. Lei wanted to argue with Ming more, but she realized that it would be all in vain. Once he set his mind on something, nothing could change him. Lei found out about his stubbornness only after they were married. She married him in a rush on New Year’s Eve after they met the summer that he finished his Ph.D. program. Their meeting was arranged since Ming’s mother worked in the same office with Lei’s aunt. Lei had already been informed of Ming’s credentials before the meeting. The fact that he had studied in the most prestigious universities in China and the US, the prospect of becoming a professor’s wife, his family background that matched hers, all these things convinced Lei’s entire family that Ming was a golden opportunity for her. At their first meeting, Lei noticed that Ming was aloof and did not talk much, but she took that as a sign of the depth of his personality.   
    But she still found it annoying that he was so insistent on her wearing the wedding dress for this party. The style of the dress had become a symbol of oriental femininity, and she was fully aware of her function for these parties since Ming needed her to help him to socialize and fit in with the faculty circle. Although Ming had lived in the States much longer than her, he still felt uncomfortable among Americans and tended to become quiet and withdrawn. Lei, on the other hand, spoke English fluently and was much more sociable. Her training in a foreign language institute and her two years in a joint-venture company contributed to these skills. Sometimes, she wondered, maybe that was exactly why he chose her as his wife so quickly when he had so many marriage choices back in China.
    After dinner, Ming went back to his office. Lei put all the dishes in the sink and turned on the tap. Through the windowpane she could see the branches of the apple tree in her yard; the last few leaves had already turned yellow and were fluttering in the wind. They probably would not be able to bear a snowstorm and would soon fall. Lei remembered an O’Henry story about the last leaf left on a branch, and the melancholy mood of the story took hold of her. She had been an avid reader of American literature in her college days. O’Henry, Dressier, Fitzgerald, Faulkner, Her college library only had these classics. They were books about poverty, depression, and disillusionment of American dreams, but they still opened such a new world to her and made her long to come to the States. This urge became a lot stronger after her best friend in college moved to New York and sent over many pictures in which she either posed in front of Statue of Liberty or looked thrilled under the formidable skyscrapers. The thought of spending her whole life in an overcrowded Chinese city and never being able to live anywhere else scared Lei, so when Ming showed up that summer in her aunt’s house and appeared more handsome than what she had expected, she decided she would not let him slip away.
    Her thoughts drifted away, and after a while the drain got clogged and the hot water started to fill the sink. Her hands felt good in the warmth of the water. After almost eight months since she came to the States, her life seemed to be stuck in a rut again. First she put off her plan of going to graduate school because Ming needed her as a housewife during the first year of his tenure track position. Then the initial excitement of living in the States quickly subsided after she got used to everything and found out there was really not much to do in such a small college town. But everything has its price, and she had already told herself again and again that if it were not for their marriage she would never have the chance to live in this country. Whether she was happy or not was simply a matter of adjustment. Maybe, she thought, things would change. Ming would get his tenure, and she would go back to school again and find a job and make new friends. Happiness would be just a matter of patience, and time too.        

Professor Eve’s house was merely a mile down the street from where Ming and Lei lived. It was a moderately sized, one-story redbrick house, not extravagant but certainly bigger than Ming and Lei’s rented home. As the street got further from the highway the houses increased in size and grandeur; the end of the street met with a pond and woods, and beyond that were endless rolling hills.
    There were hardly any parking spots left near the house, and they could already hear noise from inside as they stood on the front steps. Professor Eves opened the door and greeted them after they rang the bell. Lei had met him once before at the department barbeque and had a good impression of him. He was in his late forties, had a benign face and pepper-white hair. A gray sports coat with a light blue shirt made him look even younger. Ming was wearing his dark suit and red tie, an outfit he always wore for formal occasions. He appeared overdressed and was dwarfed by Professor Eves. Lei heard that Professor Eves was divorced not long ago, but she could not detect any sadness in his composure.
    After they exchanged handshakes, Lei took off her coat and handed it to Professor Eves. Her shining red dress was suddenly fully exposed. This was the moment she dreaded since she knew it would catch the attention of the party crowd. She was not a shy person, but she still did not like to be in the spotlight at a faculty party. 
    “Oh, Lena. What a lovely dress.” Vanita said as she came across the living room. Lei had been using an English name since she came to the States and her Chinese name was unknown outside her household. Vanita was wearing a Sari again, but it was in a different color from the last one Lei remembered. The chiffon drapery of her sari fluttered while Vanita’s husband Sanjeev followed behind her. “Ming. You are a lucky guy to have such a beautiful wife,” she said to Ming. Sanjeev also acknowledged Ming and joined the crowd. 
     Lei smiled and felt that her own smile was just as plastic as Vanita’s. Vanita and Sanjeev seemed to be on the opposite sides of the personality spectrum. Sanjeev was mellow and gentle, and Vanita was always high-strung, opinionated and extremely social. Mrs. Mann came to the circle and looked at both Lei and Vanita adoringly. “You both have the most interesting dresses.” Then she held hands with both Lei and Vanita and led them away from their husbands. “Let’s join the ladies first,” she said. Mrs. Mann was a large bosomed woman, and her seniority allowed her to play the matriarchal role in the gatherings of faculty and their families.
    The presence of both Vanita and Lei triggered a conversation on ethnic fashions among the wives. One of them had recently traveled to Thailand and raved about the hand-made Thai silk. She directed the attention of the group to a young woman who had been in and out of the kitchen and helping to serve the snacks. The woman was wearing a full-length dress made of fabric from the Andes. Someone asked who she was and it turned out she was Professor Eves’ new girlfriend, although she had not been formally introduced to any of the wives with that title yet.
   “I heard she used to be his student,” Vanita whispered.
   The group fell silent for a second. One or two of the women frowned as if they were afraid that the same thing could happen to their husbands.
   “Where was his previous wife?” Lei broke the silence. She regretted it as soon as she uttered the question. She did not want to sound too nosy.
   “Linda? She left Donald for some doctor in New York,” Mrs. Mann said in a matter-of-fact tone. “She got custody of both kids.”
    “Who would have thought She’d do that?” One elder woman said, who apparently knew Linda before.
    “They had marriage problems for years,” Mrs. Mann said defensively. “It was not a secret.”
    In the spring semester Professor Eves had had a talk with Ming after student evaluations had been completed. Lei did not know the details of their conversation, but she knew that Ming had felt humiliated and was quite distraught afterward. Since then Ming had no good things to say about Professor Eves. But Lei did not want to pass her judgment too soon. The information only made her more curious about Professor Eves.
    From the corner of her eyes Lei noticed that Ming was left alone again after Professor Sanjeev left him. He did not seem to want to come over and in the ladies and looked a little awkward. So Lei excused herself from the wives and walked over to Ming.
    “Where is Sanjeev?” Lei asked.
    “Kissing the chairman’s ass.” Ming’s voice was low but full of sarcasm. Lei looked around and made sure that no one heard him, and then she realized they were speaking Chinese and no one would understand them anyway. There were three assistant professors on tenure track this year. Although the university was no ivy league, the historical tenure rate was only fifty percent. The job market in academia had been tight for a number of years and the competition for tenures was fierce. Sanjeev was also on the tenure track and had joined the department a year earlier than Ming. He got along with everyone and was well known for his amiable personality. Both his teaching and research, though not of extraordinary quality, were well received in the department. The third professor on the tenure track, as Lei heard, was a new American guy who just graduated from Berkeley and had joined the faculty that fall. Ming said he did not know much about the new guy but the very fact of him being a real American posed a bigger threat than Sanjeev.  
    They went to the dining room and got some snacks, then they returned to the living room where most of people were scattered around. Ming did not want to enter any circle of people on his own, but no one was coming over to join them either. Vanita was still hanging with the wives and chatting with all her vigor. Lei felt a little pathetic about Ming, and about herself too. Before she could dwell more on this, Ming walked away after he told her that he needed to go to the bathroom and that he would also get some drinks on his way back.      
    On her own Lei stood next to the fireplace and decided to check the framed pictures on the mantel. There was a family shot in which Lei recognized Professor Eves and his ex-wife as well as two children, both of whom were in their early teens. It was an outdoor shot, probably at a picnic or on a camping trip. All of them were beaming under the direct sunlight. They looked like the kind of wholesome family that would appear in department store catalogues. Even a marriage like this could fall apart, Lei thought. She looked more carefully at the wife, but her joyful expression did not reveal much to Lei. Ming once told Lei that he did not appreciate American women: “They talk and laugh too loud. They do not know the virtue of endurance and bashfulness. For them, it is all about ‘me’.” Lei could not believe that the woman in the picture would run away and betray the family just because of her own selfishness. Every marriage had its dark side. Lei sighed. When she turned back she found out that a young-looking guy with dark curly hair was standing right in front of her.
   “Hello, you must be Lena.”  The guy grinned at her. He was holding a glass of wine and his hazel eyes looked slightly tipsy.
    Lei was surprised. Who would know her, the secluded housewife? “How do you know my name?” She asked
   “Ming has your picture in his office.”    
    Although he was wearing jeans and a corduroy jacket, there was a certain confidence in his forwardness that convinced Lei that he could not be one of the graduate students. So she took her bet on the third assistant professor.
    “You must be Professor Atkins.”
    “Call me Jeff.” He tried to give Lei a casual and charming smile. But he stared at her dress. “Chipao.” He was apparently knowledgeable about her dress. “I always think Chipao is the best Chinese invention in fashion. Its cut suits Asian women so well.”
     That last sentence alarmed her. She was not sure how she should answer back. She was always a little uneasy with white men who had Asian fetishes. In the joint-venture company where she had worked as a translator, there were a few American expatriates, mostly middle-aged and rather unattractive. But half of them were married with young beautiful Chinese wives. Her irritation was combined with such a jealousy when she saw her other Chinese female colleagues displayed excessive interest and tried eagerly to make friends with them. She was determined that if she would use marriage to get out of China at least he should be a Chinese man. 
    “How are you such an expert about traditional Chinese dresses?” She asked him.
    Jeff did not seem to detect the little attitude she was putting on. “Actually I had a Chinese girlfriend in graduate school.”
    Somehow that confession made Lei a little nervous. She folded her hands in front of her chest as she suddenly became aware of the sexual tension between them. 
    “She had the same dress, but in blue and it had these white plum flowers embroidered on the front,” Jeff continued. “She didn’t wear it often though.” 
    “It is such an antique now. No one wears it in China these days,” Lei explained.
    “But I always liked her wearing it.” Jeff seemed to be recalling something distant in his memory. “Well, it’s all history now.” He shrugged and looked back at Lei.   
    “What happened then?”
    “Long story.” Jeff sighed. “We met in a Yoga class in the campus gym. She was from Beijing and was also studying at Cal…We even lived together for two years.”
    “I am sorry.” Lei tried to sound sympathetic, but she was already occupied by a curiosity about the mysterious Chinese girl. 
    “One day when I got home all her stuff was gone. I called and called but all she said was that I didn’t understand her.”
     Lei tried to imagine what the girl would be like. She searched for an image in her mind. She must have short hair and high cheeks. Girls from the capital city were always more independent and strong.  
     “What was she like?”
     “She actually looked like you.” Jeff looked at her with a gaze that made Lei blush. She almost stepped back but she was already against the wall.
     “Maybe in your eyes all Asian women look alike.”
     “No, no. I know the difference. She really looks like you.”
     There was something very tender and touching in Jeff’s voice that made Lei let down her guard.
     “She really broke my heart,” Jeff mumbled. “That’s probably the main reason why I left California.”
     Lei was not used to a male stranger so easily revealing his emotions to her. She wished she could do more, like hold his hands or something; she felt that some strange bond was growing between them and his hazel eyes suddenly looked both endearing and intriguing, but all she could say was the same sentence.
    “I am really sorry to hear that.”
    Jeff took a sip of the wine and seemed to pull himself out of his nostalgic mood. “This is a quiet town, isn’t it?”
    “This is the only part of America I know of…” Before Lei could finish her sentence, Professor Eves was in the center of the room and asking the crowd to quiet down. Then he made an announcement about the small ceremony for Professor Mann. Everyone was to congregate in the living room and Lei saw Vanita checking out both her and Jeff with her big round eyes. Ming was in the flow of people moving towards the living room; she quickly excused herself from Jeff and joined Ming.
     There were several speeches from Professor Mann’s students and colleagues, who praised him as a great teacher, an accomplished researcher and a good leader. In the end he received a plaque from Professor Eves during a long round of applauses. The crowd dispersed again and people returned to chatting and socializing. But Lei didn’t talk to Jeff for the rest of the party. She stayed with Ming and dared not to look for Jeff in the crowd, although a few times she thought she caught his quick glimpses. He must have been observing her, and this thought made her a little panicky. She tried to nod or smile in the most elegant and attractive way she could come up with. Ming appeared a little distracted throughout the rest of the party. He smiled mechanically and talked as little as he could. Lei took over most of the conversation when they were talking as a couple with other people.
   
They waited to leave the party until half of the crowd had already left. Ming kept his face stiff and sped their car all the way home. Lei looked out the window and stayed quiet. It was almost midnight and there was neither star nor moon outside. The dark silhouettes of the houses passed by like elapsing shadows.
    When they got back to the house, Ming brushed his teeth and went straight to bed. Lei took off her dress, folded it and put it away on the top shelf of the closet. She did not want to wear it anymore, not for a long time. She thought Ming was already asleep and she slipped into the bed hoping that she would not wake him up. But as soon as she lay down, he asked a question without even opening his eyes.
    “What did you and Professor Atkins talk about?” 
    He sounded so calm, so casual, as if he was just asking about what they would eat for dinner. Lei did not feel like giving him a report and said briefly: “Nothing much. He introduced himself and we chatted a bit.”
    “Your face was quite red when I saw you.”
    “It must have been the wine.” Lei wanted to end this conversation and did not think much about what she had just said.
    “You had not drunk any wine at the time.”
    She was caught, but Ming still appeared calm and patient. Lei lied quickly: “I took a few sips from Professor Atkins’ glass.”
    “Oh, really? That sounds very intimate to me.”
    Ming seemed to b. Lei’s heart wrenched and she gripped the blanket tighter.  
    “These white devils,” he said in his low voice. “Why do Asian chicks always go for them?”
    Lei could not say anything. For a long while Ming did not say anything either after the last statement and Lei thought that Ming must be exhausted and had given up his mental tortures.
    “I hate them. I hate them all,” He said.
    Ming’s voice was so low that he sounded like he was talking to himself. But the words struck her and made her shiver in an anonymous fear. She stayed still at her side of bed. The next few minutes passed in silence. Then she started to feel Ming’s hand touching her shoulder. He was apparently trying to pull her over to him and was moving his legs over.
    “Ming, I am too tired,” Lei begged.
     But Ming did not stop. His body jerked and he rolled over and pushed Lei to the edge of the bed. One of his hands was already traveling to her bra and it was gripping her breast. The other hand was stripping off her underwear. 
    “Please, Ming.”    
    Before she could react, he’d already entered her and started to thrust back and forth.                       
    “You are mine. You know that!” Lei closed her eyes and gritted her teeth and tried her best to stop the scream from her throat.
     Ming started to snore quickly after he rolled back to his side. Lei stayed awake in the bed. She thought about that fateful summer evening when she met Ming and her subsequent long-distance courting with him. She thought about that wedding night, how she had had the first sex with Ming and felt this strange dislocation as if she was not herself but someone else she managed to slip to. She thought about the sounds of her city she heard while she was lying awake on the bed with Ming next to her: the night train passing the tracks, a baby’s cries, the rustling of the trees. She thought about how melancholy she was that night as if she already had known what a price she paid to leave her old life. She thought about Professor Eves and his ex-wife whose face she knew only vaguely from the picture. She also thought about Jeff and his hazel eyes. She even thought about that girl from Beijing she did not even have a face for. Where would she be now? Was she married? Was she happy?   
    After an hour she got up and went to the living room and sat down in the sofa. It was unusually quiet. She could hear no noise except for the low humming of the refrigerator. The usual noise of the occasional passing cars from the nearby highway had disappeared completely. The early wind had also stopped. Tears filled up her eyes and turned into a quiet sob. After another ten minutes she stopped crying and just stared at the emptiness feeling numb and exhausted.
    She went to the kitchen to get a glass of water. There were traces of ice on the windowpane. She looked outside and saw snowflakes floating slowly and freely in the air. A sudden excitement surged and she went back to the living room and opened the curtain. Through the glass door she could see more snowflakes. They seemed to have multiplied infinitely and were taking over everything in their way. Lei’s eyes followed one snowflake after another until each of them fell quietly on the cushion of the snow that was accumulating steadily. The dreamy movement of the snowflakes put her in a trance.
    She opened the glass door and walked out into the yard. She was still in her pajamas but the cold air did not stop her. She knelt down and put her bare hands on the snow; then sank them all the way down until they were completely buried. Her palms felt a burning sensation as if thousands of needles were pricking her hands. She shivered more. The snowflakes were all over her head and her body and some of them melted and left wet spots on her skin and on her pajamas. She scooped up a handful of snow and pressed them into a snowball. She stood up and threw the snowball toward the wood fence that enclosed the backyard. The ball swooshed and splashed and left a white mess on the wall, which she could barely see under the dim light. Then she squatted down and made a bigger snowball. This time she hurled it with all her strength and tried to throw it out of the backyard and over the fence. The snowball made a parabolic curve and disappeared behind the fence. The snow was falling more intensely, and Lei could imagine them falling beyond the fence and on the rolling hills and on the vast open Midwest prairies. Maybe tomorrow the world would be different, and she could not wait to see it. 

  

Monday, November 27, 2006

Critical Mass by Philip Ball

Suddenly it has become a fad to read or write a science best seller that are essentially about quantitative modeling, although they cross many disciplines such as marketing research, economics, finance, sociology, and political sciences. Blink, The Tipping Point,Freaknomics, Wisdom of Crowds…they have been churned out one after another and are catching fire among readers. Scientists have been using statistics, probability modeling and data mining techniques in a wide range of applications for decades (if not for centuries). Why does it only appeal to a broader readership until now? Since American education is especially poor in developing mathematics skill for its students, the current trend may help reignite some interest among a maths-fearing general public, especially when real problems that seemingly have nothing to do with mathematics can eventually solved by maths.

Critical Mass, a new book by acclaimed British science writer Philip Ball, went further than his American peels and presented actual maths models instead of sheer anecdotes. Ball has a doctor degree in Physics and this inevitably lured him to write in more rigor and abstraction. Ball’s essential interest lies in the human society modeled as a self-regulating system that consists of “a statistical melée of many individuals doing their own idiosyncratic thing”. Starting from here he quoted freely from statistics physics, chaos, evolutionary game theory, network, and stochastic models in economics and finance, while real examples are manifested through models used to explain traffic jams, flocking birds, bacterial colonies, urban growth, market crash, and, in one of the most fascinating chapters, the six degree of separations in social network. Underlying the large spectrum of these unrelated phenomena, there is one common thread: The mass of smaller individuals are to interact and evolve and change the collective nature of the system under the influence of both internal and external forces. This is exactly what the applied mathematics is about, the ability to model and predict the system behavior. Applied mathematics has become both a broader and narrower field as more branches get developed and grown out. My own field, operations research, is essentially one small branch, but nowadays more or less stands at its own.

It is easy to deviate to too many other topics as Ball undertook such an ambitious subject. Nevertheless he primarily focused on the human society and various topics in political science or political philosophy since he recognized that as the most significant. After all, peace and war and social engineering have the most impact on all of us. If any of the maths can be used to prevent war and positively construct a more civil society, that would be the most important science of all. But as the God is still rolling the dice, maths does not seem to lead to one final utopian solution. The system will continue to oscillate, just as the invisible hand of capitalism that may help regulate the market but can't stop the economic downturns or polarization, and nobody can predict where the human society will end up with. That is one of the most important reason why life is worth living -- the unknown destinations!


Tuesday, January 10, 2006

My Top Films of 2005


2005 saw another year of declining sales of foreign films and shrinking attendance for art house flicks, although the DVD sales for the same categories actually increased by a few decimal points. American media did not have much interest in films as an art form. Rather, films are entertainment machines where sequels and fantasies rule. Don’t be surprised if you never heard most of the films in my list. Some of them have not been released at all in this country. I had the luck to catch them in the film festivals, in the precious and splendid Castro theatre, or find them in the pirated DVD bins in China.

Head On, German-Turkey, Fatih Akin, Fatih Akin has matured into a true master after this masterpiece. I cringed in my seat through the film with my heart throbbing and my fist clenching. Love hurts and bleeds, and the despair and the loneliness as culture outsiders are so real. In the end you get so invested in their world that you can only fear the worst. I confess that I fall in love with the lead actress Sibel Kekilli. I googled her as soon as I got home and only uncovered her earlier porn clips, and thus her life-imitating-art stories. Guess how heart-broken I was!


Peacock China, Gu ChangweiAfter the film won the Berlin film festival and became a huge box office inside China, I keep on hoping that this film will be on the radar screen of the American film distributors. No luck so far. Although the film aims to depict a particular period of China (late 70s- early 80) through a family of five, the struggles between the children and the parents are universal and should easily touch on hearts of non-Chinese audience. But since the film is neither an underground film that tried to be subversive nor a Kung Fu epic with technical wonder to woo the West, it probably would never get shown here. Gu could proudly stand in the A-list of Chinese directors after this amazing debut, and I can’t wait for its sequel “Spring Begins”, which recorded a subsequent period (mid-late 80s) I was so familiar with.


Old Boy, South Korea, Chan WooParkSouth Korea has become a formidable entertainment powerhouse whose stars and films are sweeping over Asia and starting to gain their foothold in this side of Pacific. Old Boy is a second installment in Chan's Vengence trilogy. It lays out a plot that is almost impossible to believe but still very logical, with potent power of sentiment and intense visual violence. A perfect example to show that art can shock and entertain, especially when it is innovative, unexpected, and humanistic.


The Return, Russia, Andret ZvyagintsevI stumbled onto this film by accident, and without knowing anything about it actually benefited my viewing experience. What could possibly happen when two boys went out on a fishing trip with a long-absent father? But when tension starts to build you just know that something dreadful would happen. The cinematography and editing give the film such lyrical and mystic touch, and the acting of all three characters is very unforgettable.


The World, China, Jia ChangKeThis is the Jia Changke’s first film ever released officially in China, although he has already become one of the world-renown directors. It did not score well in the domestic market, however. The reasons could be many-folded…but its very bleak ending and suppressive theme probably kept many people away from theatre. Using subtle metaphors, Jia created a story with urgency and poignancy. His real interest still lies in history’s force on the fate of small characters, but this time, he touched the fresh wounds of our national psyche and people do not seem want to be reminded of that.


Walk on Water, Isarel, Eytan FoxTwo years ago I put Yossi & Jager on my top 10 list. This year the director came back with a much stronger film layered with complexity of history, race, politics, and sexuality. Pairing a deeply-troubled Mossad agent with a free-spirited German gay guy Eytan span enough drama that could keep you suspended until the very last minute.


March of Penguin, France, Luc Jacquet Ok I got have one documentary on my list. And undoubtedly I chose a crowd-pleaser this time. French seem to be very good at making films about animals. They managed to be both scientific (not as overly sentimental as Disney) and able to retain enough drama to sustain audience’s emotions.


The Intruder, France, Clare DenisYou either love it or hate it. But during the showing of this film in SF film festival, no one walked out in the entire 2 and half hours. Clare filled the screen with such sensuality and mysterious beckoning. It is about landscape, about weather, about aging and body and flesh, about drifting and travel and culture and everything else. But in the meantime the story has no coherence and sometimes no logic at all. Clare did not want to trick your mind as David Lynch did. She merely provided a framework and let you to imagine the rest.


Broken Flowers, US, Jim Jarmusch A triumphant return for Jim Jarmusch to do another road film with his signature caricature of characters and eccentric humor. I was converted ever since I saw Mystery Train, and I always wondered how he would be able to make another hit after all those earlier classics. Using a mysterious letter as a thread, Broken Flowers engineered a set of seemingly normal but quirky characters who either reinvented themselves or got very bitter. Jarmusch is a quintessencial American artist who is veryt rooted in the country's culture and history. His earlier films placed foreign characters in the most American locales, and this time, he enlisted a variety of personality prototypes to reflect on what kind of people this country have produced.


Carandiru, Brazi, Hector Babenco Like rest of Latin America and following a long left-leaning culture tradition, Brazilian directors excel in making films about marginal and underprivileged people. In Carandiru Babence portrayed a colorful set of characters from the largest prison with simpathy and compassion. After a slow buildup, the final 45 minutes ended in heart-wrenching and intense violence. I

Monday, November 21, 2005

London Anecdotes

Jack the Ripper: I never heard about this famous serial killer. So I was surprised to find a group of earnest tourists at Aldgate station on this rainy November night. Diego brought his cameracoder to shoot some footage for his project, and raindrops, piles of fallen leaves, dark shadows from lampposts, narrow alleys and archways, all fit well to create a horror film atmosphere for the video he was working on. For the outsiders London has always been shrouded with images of intense fog, gory murders and dark mysteries, thanks to Doctor Watson and Dickenson. Jack the Ripper story has all the required ingredients to stigmatize such collective memory of London: Prostitution, disembowelment, royal scandals, and cripples. No wonder it has become quite a selling point. On the following days, I noticed more ads outside various underground stations selling these tours. The ripper certainly achieved immortality and would continue to generate cash way beyond this millennium.
AA: The Architectural Association is located at SoHo, just a block away for G-A-Y, the night club I frequented a few years ago. They take a few nondescript buildings that are connected with each other and with a whole row of others. Who would tell that this school produced some of the biggest names in the current architecture scene? On the night I stopped by, a whole group of UPenn students were partying side by side with their London peels, and fireworks broke out due to celebration for some obscure British holiday. The flames and sparkles were reflected through all these young ambitious and joyful faces around me, and I wondered how many of them would really nake it in this intensely competative field…not surprisingly I made friends with Asian students and spent most of the time talking to them. One of Chinese guys turned out to be from Taiway and is working on the opera house project back in my home city. Guess who designed it? Zala Hadid!

Stonehenge: I was ambitious enough to tour both StoneHenge and Bath in one day, and still managed to get back to London early enough for Greg’s dinner. The image of Stonehenge has been so overly used that I did not exactly know what to expect. But as the bus took a turn, I could already see that group of famous rocks from afar. They looked magnificent from the distance and under a broad sky. As sunlight shone through between the darting clouds, it projected long shadows on the gently-rolling green hills and created an awesome view. No wonder ancestors chose this site for their rituals. There is something mystical and spritual around.


Bath: I once met a fellow traveler who told me Bath was one of his favorite cities in England, but I did not get there until 4 o’clock, when the evening was already quickly falling. With just a few visitors, the ancient Roman bath ruins actually looked grander and more mysterious in that dimming light, as if each brick, each drop of hot spring water tells a story that has been forever lost. After the tour I walked aimlessly in the town, crossing the river and the circus and the Crecsent and walking through thick piles of fallen leaves. I could see lights flickering on the surrounding hills and the after-work crowd drinking in groups or by themselves in the bars. I felt a little lonely at those moments.


Night Buses: London is so expensive that I decided there was no way I would be able to afford taxi. And here we are, standing in the cold and waiting for the night bus after the night outings. Buses towards East London are notoriously crowded after bars are closed, but the atmosphere could be youthful and festive and you won’t mind rubbing with strangers. You are young and you party late and you live at the cheap ethnic neighborhoods populated by college students and foreigners. What else can be better than that? On the last night when we got back from Canary island, we had to take a night bus that took us all the way from Victoria Station to the East, passing through more upscale neighborhoods as well as SoHo and East. Sitting at the top deck and with a full front view, I saw rich ladies getting out of marbled mansions and into Bentleys, and I also saw homeless, drunkards, and street vendors just a few blocks away.

Tuesday, November 15, 2005

Peace Corps, and a Chinese in Africa


American literature has one unique genre of writing that has not quite been labeled. For decades young graduates from liberal arts majors have been going aboard right after school, teaching or working in oversea programs such as Peace Corp and JAP, and many of them come back with rich experiences and in-depth knowledge of these far-flung countries most of people may have never heard of. Many of them, driven by deep empathy of humanity and literature ambition, start to compose both fiction and nonfiction, portraying characters in exotic settings, providing American readers slices of life that are alien and unfamiliar, helping bridge the understanding of each other. Of course, there are often Americans in the plots: aid workers, Peace Corp members, and ex-pats who are simply lost. They are used to study how Americans look at the world and how world look at them. For reference check website: http://www.peacecorpswriters.org/

I came across a few writers who turned their Chinese experiences into books, and among them, the most famous ones are Vikram Seth (From Heaven Lake: Travels Through SinKiang and Tibet), Mark Salzman (Iron and Silk), and Peter Hessler (River Town). The first two went on and became major writers of our time and stretched their literary careers way beyond travelogues. Mr. Hessler, the youngest and the latest, become a New Yorker correspondent and still focuses his reportage on China, although the day is not far for him to move on and write about something else.


But I am still surprised when I found Tony D’Souza’s short story called Club Des Amis in the recent New Yorker. Set in Ivory Coast, it centers on a Chinese man from Shanghai who shares the same last name as mine. The story is heart-wrenching. The main character, whose name is Wu, came to Seguela in the 1990s to make a fortune and eventually brought over his wife and his teenage son. His teenage son ran away with a African girl and died of tropical disease in a local village, leaving the girl a half-Chinese half-black infant. Devastated by this tragedy, Wu’s wife left him and went back to Shanghai. Wu stayed and tried to take the custody of his grandson so that he would not grow up in war and in poverty. But the mother was determined to keep her own son, hiding and running away from the police commissioned and bribed by Wu. Using force, Wu eventually took his grandson away from the mother and brought him back to China.


I traveled extensively and often found Chinese restaurants in the most unexpected places. I wondered how hard and how lonely it must be to be the single Chinese family surrounded by a culture so different from their own. Deprived of opportunities in an overcrowded country, Chinese always looked out and traveled far to survive, and since China opened its door in late 70s, Chinese diaspora has seen waves and waves of immmigration to so many different countries. When cultures clash and integrate, interesting stories are bound to happen in unprecedented circumstances. Unfortunately I have not found any Chinese writers who would dig this goldmine of materials. Maybe they are too busy struggling in their adopted lands? Souza’s new story, however, captured such an unusual situation from the perspective of an aid worker, but it was framed in a larger context of globalization and political turmoil. Wu in the end was ultimately destroyed by Africa, but a new life, together with hopes, was also born out of the ruined lives.


Souza lived in Ivory Coast between 2000 and 2002, and without that experience, who would conjure up such a plot? You have to live first before you can write, and more aspiring young writers will probably take the same path to go to more remote places. After all, life is stranger than fiction, and I only wonder whether there is actually a good ending in the reality version of this story of Wu.

Tuesday, October 25, 2005

Sykes Hot Spring


Rob told me long time ago there was a hot spring in Big Sur and you got to hike 10 miles up and down to get to it. At Lost Coast, both Dawn and he started to rave on it again on the trail and Diego took his note and decided to plan a birthday trip for me. He knows how much I love backpacking, and surely enough, he got more excited than I was before we took off on a weekend in late August.

Our series of accidents started on the very first night. At the campground Pfeiffer, we realized the tent was not ours and the poles did not seem to match. We thought our friend Mani could have mixed things up since he borrowed it a few weeks ago. But luckily Diego figured out how to set them up before we turned back to Carmel. Anyway, the campground seemed so civilized and well-equipped that we could not wait to get out. Once we hit the road the next morning, as the trail took the first steep climb and started to extend further into the woods, we quickly felt that we were finally in the wildness.


But the trail turned out to be a long and disappointing one. It went up and down with mostly gentle slopes for seven miles before a small branch led to our camp site. The view was not as spectacular as what I expected, and bugs tended to follow whenever we made a stop. But Terrace campsite was quite a good choice. It was nicely shaded next to a beautiful stream and the water was just warm enough for us to take a few skinny dips.


We set up our tent and went on to the Sykes. Thanks to lack of information, we could not figure out the exact location of the hot springs even after we got to the campsite. Diego suggested we climb further up but after half an hour so we seemed to get further and further away from the waters. We turned back and started to explore the downstream. As soon as we started to see the trail marks (piles of stones), we decided we must be heading to the right direction. After a few more turns and climbs up the cliffs above the stream, we finally saw a pool under a rock beside which some rubber pipes were gushing out hot water. It was a tiny pool, and it could barely fit two of us. That was it?


But it all seemed to worth the efforts after we relaxed in the pools and took turns to cool down in the creek. There was a second and slightly larger pool above the rock but we were so thankful that we got this one instead. For an hour it was just two of us, and the sound of woods and water was soothing and mesmerizing. We did not leave until it was getting late and more people started to show up and want to use the pool.


We slept soundly and went down the next day. This time Diego got his ankle all damaged and had a really hard time walking downhill. But it still took only 4 hours to get out. After all, this was not such a hard backpacking trip, and I am eagerly waiting for the season to start again next year!

Tuesday, October 18, 2005

Three Road Films


I have a preference for road films. My wanderlust can’t be satisfied by this busy work schedule, and films are the best places for me to escape to, if and only if just for those short two hours. I came across three wonderful but obscure road films this summer. It is a shame that they got so little media coverage, even if all of them were directed by renowned directors.

In July is Fatih Akin’s second feature after the success of his debut Kurz und Schemerzlos. He took a break and made this light-hearted romantic comedy before he went on to direct Head On, which won the Berlin Golden bear and was much darker and intense. The story follows a Hamburg teacher (handsome Moritz Bleibtreu) who falls in love with a Turkish beauty and decides to travel to Turkey by all kinds of transportation means, all in company of another girl Juli who tries to win his heart back. It is a well-worn genre with plenty of witty and humorous moments. It shows If you follow your heart, there will be great adventures waiting for you (beware of sexy East European temptress, corrupted customer officer, car theft etc etc).


Michael Winterbottom always has a political edge. After 24 hour Party people he took the project on smuggling of illegal immigrants. He and his production team chose two refugees from an Afghanistan camp in Pakistan and followed them through Iran, Turkey, Italy, France and finally to UK, often improvising the stories on the road. The end film is called "In This World". The central character, a charming and street-smart teenage kid named Jarmal, was a natural actor who brought the film to life. It was mostly shot by handheld camera, with plenty of jerky movements and occasional grainy shot, and it let us witness the entire smuggling itinerary, from bleak deserts to snow-capped mountains to containers and tunnels, from one language to another, from middle-east to west. The movies call on our sympathy of the illegal immigrants, of the great dangers they endured to look for a better life, and on thinking of the root causes of these human tragedies.


I cried a bucket load when I saw Humberto Solas’ Miel Para Oshun (Honey for Oshun). It was an equally sentimental journey for me since many of the scenes and plots reminded me of my own trip in Cuba. Solas created a melodrama in a documentary style, following an embittered Cuban exile returning to his island and looking for his own mother. Wounded and scarred in life, all these characters slowly discovered their common bond and shared identity in this incredible journey. I never heard about Solas before, but he has been a pivotal figure in the Latin cinema who experimented relentlessly over 50 years. In line with all other Latin American intellectuals, his works explored the Latin American identity and social justices with potent political messages. Honey for Oshun delivered such an emotional but optimistic redemption to the victims of history. It is a tear jerker, but it also makes us think.

Friday, October 14, 2005

Raise the Red Lantern (Ballet), Zhang Yimou


Zhang Yimou is omnipresent these days. Other than making movies, TV commercials, he moves from opera (Turando in Forbidden city) to Olympic opening ceremony, and to ballet (Raise the red Lantern). Lately he has been busy staging a series of spectaculars using real locales in GuiLing, Lijiang, and West Lake, combining stage design, music and dancing in the backdrop of famous landscapes. His next project is opera again, in collaboration with Domingo and Tan Dun and under a comission from New York's Metropolitan Opera. Zhang’s talent certainly hit a jackpot with the audiences. His usage of colors and patterns is overwhelming, beautiful and crowd-pleasing. He borrows freely from many classic elements of Chinese aesthetics and fused a unique style that is easy to bank on. The critics of Zhang have been attacking him for lacking of substances, accusing him of running out of ideas. But Zhang soldiers on, and no one could predict what he would do next, although it is surely not anything too surprising.

The Chinese National Ballet is touring US with “Raise the Red Lantern” at this very moment and I got a chance to watch its Berkeley show with my friend Andrew. The only other ballet I ever watched from the same company was “Don Quixote”, back in 1997 when I was in Guangzhou. Chinese ballet inherited the entire Russian training system and produced a number of award-winning principal dancers. But while it could succeed in techniques, it often failed to deliver . After all, ballet is a very Western art form, and all these ballet classics are stories set in old Europe and how could you expect these Chinese dancers to truly interpret these foreign characters using body movements? There have been many attempts to choreograph ballet with contemporary Chinese themes. The most famous example is probably “The Red Women Bridget”, produced in the heyday of Culture Revolution by Mrs. Mao. Since ballet is a rather confined and rigorous form, I was curious how this one would work out, and how on earth Zhang Yimou could direct a ballet.


The film version of “Red the Red Lantern” is probably Zhang’s best film in his career. Based on SuTong’s original novel, it unfolded a complex social-political drama with clarity and elegance. The ballet, however, departed from the original plot significantly. It eliminated all the side characters, tightened up the story line and made the whole thing a classic melodrama that is emotionally charged but psychologically simplified. Rape, rebel, adultery, punishment, redemption and execution, each plot twist has a clear climax that can be danced. Here Zhang is at his best in creating visuals and tension-filled atmosphere using his usual tricks. Two most famous scenes, the raping scene and the death scene, stand out not because of the choreography but because of the stage effects such as shadow play and fluttering of fabrics and fake snows, which are clearly Zhang’s creation. The opera scenes and the colorful sleeve dance resemble what he did for Athen’s closing ceremony. 


But the choreographers (Wang Xinpeng and Wang Yuanyuan) apparently wanted to innovate on their own. They fused Chinese wushu and other traditional elements into the ballet’s form. The mahjong piece, danced by a group around mahjong tables, broke further away from the classic ballet and ventured into modern dance. The purists may get offended by all these fluffy stuff and wanted something more traditional, but for audiences who do not necessarily need to hold on to the old concept of ballet or appreciate it from old point of view, the performance is surely a powerful and dazzling experience, and for the national ballet company who is so eager to showcase a new Chinese art that is both contemporary and ancient, “Raise the Red Lantern” could not be a better choice to tour US. Whether it can stand the test of time and become a classic, only time can answer.

Tuesday, October 11, 2005

ShangHai Dreams: Wang Xiao Shuai


Wang XiaoShui has always been hailed as one of the leading directors from so-called Sixth Generation of Mainland Chinese directors. You can at least find three of his films from Netflix (Frozen, So Close to Paradise, Beijing Bicyles), which is a hard evidence of his ascendance in the art-house arena. Characters in all his films don’t end up well. They either go insane, or commit suicide, or get violently beat up, all due to high external pressures and their inability to control their fates. It is easy to see why all his earlier films get banned in China. These external forces eventually all point to the system’s flaws, and to the social injustices and inequalities. His protagonists struggled hard but in the end still could not escape their tragic ends. These stories inevitably made him infamously underground as well as a favorite of all the film festivals.

Shanghai Dreams, Wang’s first film that ever passed the strict censorship in China, was released in Mainland this summer and got abundant media attention after it won an award in Cannes. This year saw a few major art films being heavily promoted by China’s media: Peacock (form Gu ChangWei), The World (from Jia Changke), and Something Like Happiness (from ZhangYang). Shanghai Dreams joined this rank although box-office-wise it fell short of expectation but still did way better than other art films. Film critics indulged in collectively nostalgia, focusing on the autobiographical side of the story and choosing to ignore the political message due to their own self-censorships. Shanghai Dreams is nevertheless a very depressing film that raised poignant questions on the leadership of not-so-distant past. The very fact that this film actually passed the censorship indicated a loosen grip by Chinese government. One of the few daring details in the film included the father sneakily listening to the Voice of America (the film never mentioned the name of the radio station but anyone from those years can easily recognize that), This plot would be unthinkable just a year ago. Wang obviously did not budge.